Diabetes and feet
Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterised by elevated blood sugar levels, affecting millions worldwide. While its impact on overall health is well-known, its effects on foot health are often underestimated. In this blog post, we delve into the relationship between diabetes and foot health, exploring the various complications and preventive measures individuals can take to maintain optimal foot health.
What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. It occurs when the pancreas either produces insufficient insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or when the body's cells become resistant to insulin (Type 2 diabetes). Insulin is crucial for facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production.
How can Diabetes affect the foot?
Peripheral Neuropathy: Diabetes-induced nerve damage, known as peripheral neuropathy, can result in numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the feet. This sensory impairment increases the risk of foot injuries and infections, as individuals may not detect wounds promptly.
Poor Circulation: Diabetes can damage blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the feet. Poor circulation hampers wound healing and increases susceptibility to foot ulcers and infections.
Foot Ulcers: Individuals with diabetes are prone to developing foot ulcers, even from minor injuries such as blisters or cuts. High blood sugar levels impair immune function, delaying wound healing and exacerbating the risk of infections.
Charcot Foot: Charcot foot, a condition characterized by weakened and fractured foot bones, is more common in people with diabetes due to peripheral neuropathy. The loss of sensation in the feet means fractures may go unnoticed, leading to further complications.
Skin Changes: Diabetes can cause skin changes such as dryness, cracking, and thickening in the feet. These alterations increase the risk of calluses, corns, fungal infections, and provide entry points for bacteria, leading to infections.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Diabetes is a significant risk factor for PAD, characterized by narrowed arteries in the legs and feet. Reduced blood flow results in pain, slow wound healing, and heightened susceptibility to ulcers and gangrene.
Risk of Amputation: Complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, poor circulation, and foot ulcers, elevate the risk of lower limb amputation. Timely intervention and proper foot care are crucial for preventing this severe outcome.
Optimizing Foot Health with Diabetes: To mitigate the risks associated with diabetes and foot health, individuals can adopt the following preventive measures:
Maintain optimal blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication adherence.
Inspect feet daily for any signs of injury, infection, or changes in skin condition.
Practice proper foot hygiene, including regular washing and moisturizing to prevent skin dryness and cracking.
Choose footwear that fits well, provides adequate support, and minimizes pressure points to prevent friction injuries.
Avoid walking barefoot and protect feet from extreme temperatures and sharp objects.
Schedule regular foot examinations with a Podiatrist, where they can performed neurovascular assessments and help prevent possible complications
Conclusion: Diabetes significantly impacts foot health, predisposing individuals to a myriad of complications ranging from peripheral neuropathy to foot ulcers and amputations. By understanding the intricate relationship between diabetes and foot health and implementing proactive preventive measures, individuals can mitigate the risks and maintain optimal foot health despite living with diabetes. Regular monitoring, proper foot care, and timely medical intervention are paramount in preserving mobility and overall well-being for individuals with diabetes.
